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American Film Institute,
100 years, 100 movies
The American Film Institute in Los Angeles, California commemorated the extraordinary first 100 years of American movies by making a "definitive selection of the 100 greatest American movies of all time, as determined by more than 1,500 leaders from the American film community." A three-hour prime time entertainment special on CBS entitled "One Hundred Years...One Hundred Movies," aired on June 16, 1998, to celebrate, commemorate, and recognize the very best in American cinema's first 100 years, revealing America's Greatest 100 Films for the first time.
An AFI panel determined and compiled a preliminary movie-directory of the 400 films (listed alphabetically with select credits and a brief description) from which the greatest 100 American films were chosen. The 400 selected films were feature-length fictional movies produced between 1912 and 1996 "with the goal of amassing a capsule of the first 100 years of American cinema, across decades and across genres." Of the final 400, more than 75% were produced before 1980, though there were only about 20 silent films on the list.
A blue-ribbon panel of more than 1,500 prominent leaders ("a who's who of the movie business, from in front of and behind the camera, writers, producers and directors to historians, movie executives and critics") from the American film community reviewed the 400 films and selected the top 100 movies of all time. As AFI admitted, "the final selection, by its very nature, will be subjective...Critics and film buffs alike will take exception to the inclusion of one film and the exclusion of another -- even if the title 'One Hundred Years...One Hundred Movies' itself lays no claim to these films as the definitive 'best' or 'greatest.'"
In addition, a public voting element was introduced on May 12, 1998 with AFI's launch of an interactive Web site on the topic. Ten hour-long original specials on Turner Network Television (TNT) produced by Time Magazine film critic Richard Schickel and co-producer Mel Stuart provided a more in-depth look at the 100 films, with extensive footage from the movies and commentary from filmmakers. The specials were divided not by decade or even by genre, but into categories such as "Anti-Heroes," or "Monsters." Turner Classic Movies (TCM) also planned a cable film festival to present many of the 100 movies on the AFI list. Newsweek Magazine produced a commemorative issue looking at 100 years of Movies.
Judging criteria for the selection process of the best 100 films included:
- Feature-Length Fiction Film - narrative format typically over 60 minutes in length
- American Film - English language film with significant creative and/or financial production elements from the United States
- Critical Recognition - formal commendation in print
- Popularity Over Time - including figures for box office adjusted for inflation, television broadcasts and syndication, and home video sales and rentals.
- Historical Significance - a film's mark on the history of the moving image through technical innovation, visionary narrative devices or other groundbreaking achievements.
- Cultural Impact - a film's mark on American society in matters of style and substance
- Major Award Winner - recognition from competitive events including awards from organizations in the film community and major film festivals.
1. Citizen Kane (1941)
2. Casablanca (1942)
3. The Godfather (1972)
4. Gone With The Wind (1939)
5. Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
6. The Wizard of Oz (1939)
7. The Graduate (1967)
8. On The Waterfront (1954)
9. Schindler's List (1993)
10. Singin' In The Rain (1952)
11. It's A Wonderful Life (1946)
12. Sunset Boulevard (1950)
13. The Bridge On The River Kwai (1957)
14. Some Like It Hot (1959)
15. Star Wars (1977)
16. All About Eve (1950)
17. The African Queen (1951)
18. Psycho (1960)
19. Chinatown (1974)
20. One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
21. The Grapes of Wrath (1940)
22. 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
23. The Maltese Falcon (1941)
24. Raging Bull (1980)
25. E.T. - The Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
26. Dr. Strangelove or: How I ... (1964)
27. Bonnie And Clyde (1967)
28. Apocalypse Now (1979)
29. Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939)
30. The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948)
31. Annie Hall (1977)
32. The Godfather, Part II (1974)
33. High Noon (1952)
34. To Kill A Mockingbird (1962)
35. It Happened One Night (1934)
36. Midnight Cowboy (1969)
37. The Best Years of Our Lives (1946)
38. Double Indemnity (1944)
39. Doctor Zhivago (1965)
40. North By Northwest (1959)
41. West Side Story (1961)
42. Rear Window (1954)
43. King Kong (1933)
44. The Birth Of A Nation (1915)
45. A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)
46. A Clockwork Orange (1971)
47. Taxi Driver (1976)
48. Jaws (1975)
49. Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs (1937)
50. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969)
51. The Philadelphia Story (1940)
52. From Here to Eternity (1953)
53. Amadeus (1984)
54. All Quiet On The Western Front (1930)
55. The Sound of Music (1965)
56. M*A*S*H (1970)
57. The Third Man (1949)
58. Fantasia (1941)
59. Rebel Without a Cause (1955)
60. Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
61. Vertigo (1958)
62. Tootsie (1982)
63. Stagecoach (1939)
64. Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977)
65. The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
66. Network (1976)
67. The Manchurian Candidate (1962)
68. An American In Paris (1951)
69. Shane (1953)
70. The French Connection (1971)
71. Forrest Gump (1994)
72. Ben-Hur (1959)
73. Wuthering Heights (1939)
74. The Gold Rush (1925)
75. Dances With Wolves (1990)
76. City Lights (1931)
77. American Graffiti (1973)
78. Rocky (1976)
79. The Deer Hunter (1978)
80. The Wild Bunch (1969)
81. Modern Times (1936)
82. Giant (1956)
83. Platoon (1986)
84. Fargo (1996)
85. Duck Soup (1933)
86. Mutiny on the Bounty (1935)
87. Frankenstein (1931)
88. Easy Rider (1969)
89. Patton (1970)
90. The Jazz Singer (1927)
91. My Fair Lady (1964)
92. A Place in the Sun (1951)
93. The Apartment (1960)
94. GoodFellas (1990)
95. Pulp Fiction (1994)
96. The Searchers (1956)
97. Bringing Up Baby (1938)
98. Unforgiven (1992)
99. Guess Who's Coming To Dinner (1967)
100. Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942)
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